X-Ray Apparatus

Item Code: SN1028

Principle and Working:

The experiment chamber is contained in a closed, radiation-proof housing with a transparent synthetic-glass shield. The high vacuum X-Ray tube with the directly heated tungsten cathode and copper anode is positioned in a borosilicate glass chamber with a thin walled, concave ray emission window. ...
A lead glass hood with a collimator causes X-rays to emerge in parallel with the experiment plane and provides a shield against scattered radiation. The horizontal counter tube goniometer consists of a central sample holder and the swiveling arm. In the form of a slight ray, this arms serves as a mount for the GM Tube, ionization chamber as well as experimental devices in slide format or on a 5cm X 5cm base plate. This swiveling arm can be rotated manually independently of the sample holder or at a fixed mutual angle with the ratio of 2:1, for instant, for experiments involving Bragg's refection.
The devices equipped with angle and mm scale, position marking for experimental devices, as well as radiation proof bushings for cables and houses.




  • Radiation Proof Housing with Clear Synthetic Glass shield to read the scale.
  • If the synthetic-glass shield is opened, the high-voltage source for the X-ray tube is deactivated automatically.
  • Bulit-in Data Logger and High voltage power supply.
  • Compact Design,
  • Stand Alone unit.
  • Free Data Analyzing software.

  • Diffraction of X-Ray:
    • Bragg’s Law.
    • Laue’s Method.
    • Debye Scherrer’s Method.
    • To determine Planck’s constant by using DuaneHunt’s displacement law.
  • Mosley’s Law.
  • Distance Law.
  • Absorption Experiment.
  • Dosimetry and Radiation Protection.
  • Properties of X-rays:
    • Transmission
    • Linear Propagation
    • Ionization
    • X- Ray Photography.
  • Fluorescent radiation.
  • Shielding of X-Rays.

X-Ray Apparatus

  • Anode voltage: 20/30 kV,
  • Emission current: 0 to 80 μA,
  • Cathode heating: 4 V, 1 A
  • Focal spot: 5×1 mm2
  • Anode material: Cu Lead-glass
  • collimator: radiation emission aperture with 5-mm dia.
  • Ray divergence: better than 10°
  • Characteristic radiation wavelength: Cu -Kα: 154 pm, Cu Kβ:138 pm
  • Counter-tube goniometer: Swiveling ranges: 0°, +10° to +130° and -10° to +130° relative to the ray axis Angular
  • coupling: independent of the sample holder or with a ratio of 2:1
  • Accuracy of Bragg’s angle: 5 arc minutes
  • Timer: 0 to 55 minutes,
  • Power consumption: 100 VA
  • Dimensions:
    • X-Ray apparatus: approx. 250 mm x 370 mm dia.
  • X-Ray tube: approx. 100 mm x 32 mm dia.
  • Weight: approx. 9 kg

    • X-Ray Energy Detector

  • Energy range: approx. 2 keV up to 60 keV
  • Energy resolution (FWHM): 0.55 keV at EFeKá = 6.40 keV
  • Entrance window: Plastics
  • (absorption equivalent to Graphite with d = 40 µm)
  • Detector: Si-PIN photo diode
  • Active Area: 0.8 mm dia.
  • Thickness: approx. 200 µm
  • Dead time per pulse: approx. 200 µs
  • Connection: USB
  • Cable length: 1.75 m
  • Dimensions: 80 mm x 22 mm dia.
  • Mass: 150 g

    • Geiger-Müller Tube

  • for registering alpha-, beta-, gamma- and X- radiation
  • Dose-rate range: 10-³ to 10² mGy/h
  • Mass of the active surface:
  • Mica: 2.0 to 3.0 mg/cm²
  • Operating voltage: 500 V
  • Dimensions: 50 mm x 50 mm x 22 mm Ø
  • Cable length: 1 m

    • Bragg Driver

  • Time interval for automatic data saving : 30 s
  • Angular range : 12° – 120°
  • Time per step : ≥ 0.1 s
  • Angular step : ≥ 0.05°
  • GM tube voltage : 0 – 1000 V

    • Filmpack 2

  • Highly sensitive film (38 mm x 35 mm) for beta-, gamma- and X-radiation
  • 20 film sheets (38 mm x 35 mm) in light-tight plastic cases
  • 1 bottle of X-ray developer
  • 1 bottle of X-ray fixer
  • 1 syringe with a cannula for introducing chemicals into the film cases
  • 1 metal clip
  • 1 Tel-X-ometer
  • 1 Bragg Driver
  • 1 Basic Accessory Kit
  • 1 Crystallography Kit (Optional)
  • 1 Radiography Kit (Optional)
  • 1 Motorised Drive Unit (Optional)
  • 1 GM Tube & Holder
  • 1 Filmpack 2
  • 1 Filmpack 4

    • Additionally Recommended:

  • 1 Energy Detector (Optional)
  • 1 Fluorescence Samples (Optional)