Transistors As Oscillator

Item Code: SJ254

Principle and Working:

Astable multivibrator:
It is a type of electronic circuit that generates a continuous square wave output without the need for external triggering. It is commonly implemented using transistors and a few passive components.
Frequency f = 1/T = 1/1.38RC
Colpitts Oscillator: it is a type of LC oscillator that is widely used to generate continuous sinusoidal oscillations at radio frequencies.
... Frequency f_r = 1/ 2π√LC_T
Where C_T = C₁xC₂ / C₁+C₂
Hartley Oscillator: It is another type of oscillator used to generate continuous sinusoidal oscillations at radio frequencies.
Frequency f_r = 1/2π√L_TC
Where L_T = L₁ + L₂
Hartley oscillator bandwidth = f _high – f _low
Unijunction Transistor : It can be used as a relaxation oscillator which generates non-sinusoidal waveforms, such as sawtooth or square waveforms.
The frequency of oscillation is given by f = 1/T

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