Principle and Working:
If a current-carrying metallic conductor strip is located in a magnetic field B perpendicular to the direction of the current flow I, a transverse electrical field EH and a potential difference is produced (Hall effect).
The following equation holds for the Hall voltage UH
UH 1/(n-e) (B-l)/d
...
B: magnetic flux density
I: current through the metallic conductor
d: thickness of the band-shaped conductor
n: concentration of charge carriers
e = 1.602-10-19 C: elementary charge
The Hall voltage UH is caused by the deflection of the moving charge carriers in the magnetic field due to the Lorentz force, whose direction may predicted by the right hand rule. The factor
1/(n-e) is called Hall constant RH:
RH 1/(n-e) 1/(n-e)
The sign of the Hall constant RH is determined by the polarity of the charge carriers, predominantly responsible for the current.